Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu dan Produk Kulit diterbitkan oleh Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta sebagai media penuangan dan pembahasan karya ilmiah dalam bidang ilmu perkulitan dan barang kulit, terbit dua (edisi) dalam setahun. Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit mencakup beberapa topik mengenai penyamakan kulit (enzim terapan, kimia terapan dan kimia lingkungan), produk samping kulit, teknologi karet, teknologi plastik, pengembangan mesin produksi, teknologi sepatu, dan pengembangan produk kulit yang diterbitkan oleh Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal ini juga mencakup penelitian-penelitian dari multidisiplin ilmu yang lain yang terkait dengan teknologi kulit, karet dan plastik. Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu dan produk Kulit is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of basic and applied chemistry. Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu dan produk Kulit covers the following topics. Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Bioengineering Engineering Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Social Science The submitted manuscript should have relevance with Arts, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Bioengineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, and Social Science. Publication Frequency To fasten qualified articles to be published, Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu dan Produk Kulit publish two issues (numbers) annually (February-August and September-January). Article Processing Charge This journal does not charge any fees for article submission, processing, or publication. All stages, from manuscript submission to the final publication, are completely free of charge.
PERBANDINGAN VISUAL KULIT KAMBING SAMAK NABATI PADA HASIL EKSPERIMEN METODE FOLTIK DAN METODE HYDRO DIP
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan hasil visual kulit kambing nabati dengan menggunakan metode foltik dan metode hydro dip. Kulit kambing nabati sebanyak 3 lembar digunakan dalam ekperimen ini. Kulit kambing nabati dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan. Masing-masing 1 lembar untuk eksperimen. Kulit kambing nabati pertama tidak dilakukan perlakuan sebagai pembanding kulit awal. Kulit kambing nabati kedua menggunakan metode foltik dan kulit kambing ketiga menggunakan metode hydro dip. Kulit kambing nabati yang sudah dilakukan perlakuan kemudian dibandingkan secara visual dengan kulit kambing yang tidak diwaran, kulit kambing nabati metode foltik, metode hydro dip. hasil warnanya meliputi kejelasan warna, keindahan dan keunikan warna. Hasil penelitian metode menunjukkan bahwa kulit kambing nabati sebelum dilakukan perlakuan berwarna coklat, polos dan plural. Kulit kambing nabati pada perlakuan foltik menghasilkan warna jelas, terang, motif teratur dan unik. Selanjutnya kulit kambing nabati dengan perlakuan metode hydro dip secara visual menghasilkan warna buram, tidak jelas, samar, warna abstrak, tidak terukur media airnya. Pewarna berbasis air yang digunakan dalam hydro dip mudah bercampur dengan media air sehingga pigmen warnanya menjadi tersebar dan berkurang intensitasnya sehingga menghasilkan warna yang tampak memudar, buram dan kurang jelas. Pada metode foltik biasanya menggunakan pewarna yang sesuai dan proses aplikasi yang terkontrol sehingga warna dapat menembus dan menyatu dengan kulit. Simpulan, metode hydro dip dan metode foltik dapat diaplikasikan pada kulit kambing nabati
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
PENERAPAN METODE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) UNTUK MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA PRAKTIKUM BEAM HOUSE OPERATION
Laboratorium pendidikan adalah tempat pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa melalui kegiatan observasi, eksperimen dan praktikum. Kegiatan praktikum sering kali menghadapi risiko bahaya yang mengancam keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja mahasiswa. Salah satu praktikum dengan banyak potensi bahaya adalah praktikum beam house operation (BHO) yang merupakan tahap awal proses penyamakan kulit. Sebagai upaya untuk identifikasi bahaya, penilaian risiko, dan pengendalian risiko pada praktikum beam house operation maka dilakukan analisis metode Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat deskriptif dengan analisis kualitatif melalui pengamatan/observasi dan survei terhadap responden dari dosen, pranata laboratorium pendidikan dan mahasiswa. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode HIRARC. Objek penelitian adalah kegiatan atau proses pada praktikum beam house operation untuk kulit domba awet garaman. Hasil analisis risiko pada praktikum BHO terdapat 12 jenis risiko yang terdiri dari 6 jenis risiko rendah (50%), 4 jenis risiko sedang (33,33%), dan 2 jenis risiko tinggi (16,67%). Pengendalian risiko yang dapat diterapkan pada praktikum BHO antara lain pengendalian rekayasa teknik, administrasi, dan alat pelindung diri (APD).
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN KIMIA LABORATORIUM DI POLITEKNIK XYZ
The chemical inventory management system in the XYZ Polytechnic laboratory has not been optimally integrated, so real-time stock monitoring is still limited and has the potential to cause discrepancies between the amount of stock recorded and actual conditions. This inaccuracy in inventory management can hamper the smooth running of laboratory activities. This research aims to design a chemical inventory management information system using a prototype approach, which includes the stages of Communication, Quick Planning, Quick Modelling, Construction, and Deployment. The system was developed with Microsoft Access and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and designed with main components that include inventory recording and real-time stock monitoring. In addition, the system is also equipped with a feature to export stock data into systematic reports to support the analysis and reporting process. The results of testing the prototype show that the developed system is able to integrate the process of recording and monitoring stock in real-time, thus improving the accuracy of inventory data and efficiency in managing chemicals in the laboratory.
Substitusi Bahan Acid dan Reactive Dyestuff dalam Metode Pewarnaan Kulit Domba Wet Blue Untuk Kulit Nappa dan Suede Garmen Terhadap Ketahanan Cuci Air Sebagai Upaya Pengelolaan Laboratorium
To test the effect of different dyeing method on chrome - leather wet blue using reactive and acid dyes . Attempts were made to obtain a dyeing method that is as a new alternative, especially for skin that require high- wash durability. It is expected that the new method with the application of reactive dyes will result in the washing of the leather resistance levels were very good compared with the conventional method using acid dyes. Methodology research using wet blue sheepskin random quality, as many as 12 pieces taken at random from the bath chrome tanning process, split into 24 parts of the back (side) . Skin re- randomized and numbered 1-24 . Number 1-12 wet blue leather is treated with a reactive dyestuff, for this kind of napa and suede garment, different colors such as black, red, blue, yellow. Skin numbers 13-24 is dyed by acid dyestuff with the same color such as black, red, blue, and yellow. Statistical analysis using the General Linear Model Univariate , with three independent variables , the type of dye , colors and type of leather. Dependent variable is washing fastness.. Analysis using SPSS 15, F test - significances at 95% confidence level . Reactive dyestuff has the resilience washing (washing fastness) different with acid dyestuff. In the test values ​​F = 346.931, and the number of significance < 0.05. Average washing durability reactive dyestuff has better washing fastness than with acid dyestuff. The black color has a lower washing resistance, and the color yellow has a higher resistance. Skin type (Napa , suede , upholstery ) have different resistance that does not wash .
IMPLEMENTASI QUICK RESPONSE (QR) CODE PADA SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS) BAHAN KIMIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA DI LABORATORIUM PENDIDIKAN
Bahan Kimia kategori Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) berisiko tinggi mengakibatkan kecelakaan kerja di laboratorium pendidikan. Kecelakaan tersebut sering kali disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman terhadap Safety Data Sheets (SDS). Oleh karena itu, diusulkan implementasi Quick Response (QR) Code pada SDS bahan kimia untuk memudahkan akses informasi SDS. Selanjutnya pengguna bahan kimia diharapkan dapat memahami penggunaan bahan kimia dengan aman sehingga meningkatkan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) melalui pengumpulan data, penyusunan ringkasan SDS, pengunggahan dokumen, pembuatan QR Code, pencetakan dan penempelan QR Code, pengujian QR Code dan survei pengguna. Sebanyak 10 (sepuluh) jenis bahan kimia telah dilakukan implementasi QR Code dan lolos uji dapat mengakses SDS dengan cepat dan mudah. Hasil survei pengguna QR Code menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kepuasan sebesar 93%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka implementasi QR Code pada Safety Data Sheets (SDS) bahan kimia merupakan solusi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) di laboratorium pendidikan.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT SISA PRAKTIKUM DALAM PEMBUATAN BUCKET HAT
Workshop atau laboratorium di lingkungan unit pendidikan merupakan salah satu penghasil limbah yang berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Salah satu tugas dari Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan (PLP) adalah memastikan bahwa pengelolaan limbah laboratorium dilakukan secara efektif dan berkelanjutan. Dalam kegiatan praktikum pengujian kulit yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa, dihasilkan limbah berupa potongan-potongan kulit dan kulit reject yang termasuk dalam kategori limbah sisa praktikum. Limbah tersebut perlu didaur ulang melalui serangkaian perlakuan, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai material untuk pembuatan produk fashion, dalam hal ini adalah bucket hat. Pembuatan bucket hat sebagai hasil dari proses daur ulang limbah kulit sisa praktikum dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penciptaan yang mengacu pada konsep Design Thinking yang terdiri dari lima tahapan, yaitu Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, dan Test. Teknik pengerjaan bucket hat ini mencakup pengerjaan manual dan menggunakan mesin. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah produk bucket hat berjudul “Roboard Hat” yang merupakan topi bergaya futuristic terbuat dari material utama limbah kulit dengan aksen keyboard bekas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan praktikum dapat dimanfaatkan kembali menjadi sebuah produk fashion yang bernilai seni.
THE EFFECT OF COMBINATION VEGETABLE TANNING MATERIALS AND SULPHITED OIL ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF JACKET LEATHER
This research was aimed to determine the combination of vegetable tanning materials and Sulphited oil on the physical properties namely tensile strength, oil content, elongation, softness and shrinkage temperature and determine the factors that affect tensile strength, oil content, elongation, softness and shrinkage temperature leather tanning results. Raw hides/skins were processed up to acidification, pH was set to be 5 then tanned with the variation of vegetable tannin 15%, 17,5% and 20% respectively. Fatliquoring process used sulphited oil with variation of 12%, 15% and 18%. The jacket leather produced were tested using SNI 4593:2011. From this combination of treatment provided 9 (nine) treatment variation, each treatment was preformed triplicate. The results showed that the combination of vegetable tanning materials, 17.5% and 12% of sulphited oil was the result of variation in the optimum treatment for the leather to produce 208.29 N/mm2 tensile strength, oil content of 10.02%, 50.39% elongation and softness 5.13 mm and meets the requirements of SNI 4593: 2011 with the temperature shrinkage was at 79 oC. From the analysis of variance showed vegetable tanning material is the dominant factor affecting the tensile strength, oil conten and shringkage temperature. Sulphited oil is a factor that affects the oil content, elongation and softness.
REDESIGN OF PIKACHU CASUAL BACK TO SCHOOL SHOES SAMPLES AT PT PRIMARINDO ASIA INFRASTRUCTURE Tbk BANDUNG
Pikachu shoes model (back to school) are casual shoes produced by PT Primarindo Asia Infrastructure Tbk. by using the Tomkins brand for the needs of school and sports activities. Results of the observations, a problem was found, namely the discomfort after being tested for walking activities. The purpose of this study is to identify the problem of discomfort in the shoe and find a solution to repair. Problem solving method used is by conducting design experiments based on ergonomic aspects of shoes, while in data collection using observation methods, interviews, documentation and literature studies. The result obtained is that the initial design of the shoe uses an inappropriate upper and bottom material, namely the upper lacks good air circulation and the outsole material is less elastic and heavy. Design experiments were carried out using mesh materials on the upper and changes in the shape of the outsole design using phylon material in combination rubber on the bottom. Economically, the calculation of the cost increase of 15% is obtained, and it is still in the category of allowing it to be marketed because it still meets the feasibility of the production cost budget.
INTER-LABORATORY COMPARE TEST IN THE FRAMEWORK OF INCREASING TRUST IN PHYSICS TESTING LABORATORIES OF ATK POLYTECHNIC
One of the raw materials for footwear is Chrome tanned box leather with a thickness according to the applicable SNI quality standards. The problem with measuring skin thickness has received less attention from laboratory personnel during testing. The Quality Control Section is responsible for the implementation of quality assurance and quality control of test results. External quality control is carried out by cross-laboratory comparisons. The purpose of this research is to find out the competence of the Physical Testing laboratory as an executor in inter-laboratory comparison tests with skin thickness test parameters. The material used is cow leather. The test method uses SNI-06-7128-2005. stationary. The comparative test was carried out from June to August 2022 followed by the Physical Testing Laboratory as the executor of the activities (laboratory A), laboratories B and C. The test results obtained standard deviation for laboratory A vs B 0.1396 and laboratory A vs C 0.0795 . The t value for laboratory A vs B was 0.625 and laboratory A vs C was 1.85. Based on t table at 95% confidence level for laboratory A vs B 2.228 and laboratory Avs C 2.201, t count < from t table comparative test between laboratories is declared not significantly different or acceptable. Physical Testing laboratory personnel can be declared competent for the skin thickness test.
CALCULATION OF UNCERTAINTY VALUE IN THE SKIN THICKNESS TEST USING A THICKNESS MEASUREMENT
The manufacture of handicraft products or footwear requires materials according to standards. One of the materials for footwear products is tanned leather, the leather requires a certain thickness according to what has been required, this concerns the comfort and aesthetic value of the product being made. Producers of leather-based crafts need to know the thickness of the leather that will be used as the raw material. The problem is that laboratory personnel in carrying out tests have not carried out or made uncertainty calculations on the test results. The aim of the research is to calculate the uncertainty value of the sample test results with the thickness parameter. The activities will be carried out from May to June 2022 at the ATK Yogyakarta Polytechnic Physical Testing Laboratory. The material used for the box shell for the test method uses SNI 06-7128-2005. The tools used were thicknesses, tables, silver ink and stationery for the test treatment procedure ten times. The results of the study yielded data with an average value of 1.081; standard deviation of 0.02165; standard uncertainty value of calibration (µK) of 0.01; standard uncertainty value of precision (µP) of 0.0125 and a combined uncertainty value of 0.1468. Conclusion the thickness of the box skin is 1.081 ± 0.1468 so that the skin sample meets the requirements of SII 06-0234-1989 on a quality standard of 0.8-1.7 mm thick.
THE EFFECT OF INJECTION SPEED, INJECTION PRESSURE, AND MOLD POSITION ON THE PRODUCTION OF POLYPROPYLENE (PP) LOUNGE CHAIRS
Injection molding is making products made from plastic materials through melted plastic and then injected into a mold or mold. The plastic lounge chair is made of polypropylene (PP) by injection molding. In the injection molding process, there are parameters of injection speed, pressure, and molding position. This study aims to determine the effect of injection speed, pressure, and mold position. Injection speed, injection pressure, and improper mold position can produce a lounge chair with short-shot defects. Short-shot defects cannot be repaired but must be recycled by chopping them up to be reused as additional material for producing plastic products; this will increase operational costs. Efforts to reduce short shots can be done by changing the speed parameter settings, injection pressure, and mold position. Plastic lounge chairs, according to standards, were obtained by inverted mold position and injection speed settings in zones 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of 70, 60, 50, 45, and 30 in mm/s units. The injection pressures are 95, 85, 75, 65, and 55 bar.
EFFICIENCY OF WATER AND CHROME USE IN CABRETTA SHEEP TANNING PROCESS USING EXHAUSTED TANNING CHROME METHOD
This study aims to make chromium and water more efficient in the tanning process. The methods used include water efficiency from 100% to 50% and chromium reduction from 6% to 4% using exhausted chrome tanning method. The raw material used is grade 6 pikel sheepskin and the auxiliary chemical used is acrylic copolymer. The tests carried out were organoleptic, physical and chromium content in the waste. Organoleptic and physical tests showed that the condition of slackness, and the suitability of color on the crust of the pearl white cabretta article had met consumer purchasing standards. In the results of physical testing of samples using the exhausted chrome tanning method, almost all of them meet the test standards from SII-0943-84. Waste testing showed that the use of the efficiency method had a significant decrease in the amount of total chromium, from 757.35 mg/L to 487.80 mg/L.
EFFECT OF GELATINIZATION ACIDITY ON BIOPLASTIC SYNTHESIS OF GLUTINOUS RICE STARCH REINFORCED BY BAMBOO LEAF POWDER
Bioplastic is organic-based plastics that offers eco-friendly and safe for human health properties. The plastic versatility in life requires the sustainable development of bioplastic synthesis to be carried out to produce bioplastics that can replace the function of plastics. One alternative for bioplastic synthesis is to produce biocomposite of glutinous rice starch reinforced by bamboo leaf powder. The parameters of bioplastic synthesis process have important role to produce bioplastics with certain characteristics. This research aims to study the effect of gelatization acidity on bioplastics synthesis from glutinous rice flour reinforced by bamboo leaf powder. The gelatinization process in bioplastic production was carried out under various acidity degree (pH 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). The results showed that the recommended gelatinization process was under acidic conditions (pH 5) to obtain viscosity value was 208 cm2/s, water content was 34.27% and density was 1.326 g/mL. In addition, the pH value of 5 in gelatinization process also obtained tensile strength was 3.118 MPa and elongation percentage was 36.111% of bioplastic. Therefore, it can be concluded that the acidity of the gelatinization process affects the quality of the bioplastic produced.
REPROCESS AND REPAIR COW UPPER LEATHER SUEDE WITH SPRAY FINISH METHOD
Upper leathers have many types of leather articles likes nappa leather upper, sports shoe upper, suede upper leather and others. Suede upper leather is upper leather that has own charm because have more fashionable nap. Making suede leather more difficult because the raw materials used in this process is the upper suede leather raw material that does not pass because the color does not meet customer desires (leather from industrial leather stock). The basic color of suede skin is absolute produced through Post Tanning process. Beside the color, a feeling touch is also expected in upper suede leather. Suede skin repair process done in two ways: wet process (Post Tanning) and spray finish method. Spray finish method can save cost and time in repairing suede leather. The process of color and quality improvement is done with the finishing process so as to get suede leather in accordance with the wishes. The chemicals used in this process are: Water, metal complex dyestuff, 1441 UR, Amollan IP and Rosilk TM 2000. Suede skin repair process using spray finish method. The upper suede leathers are tested by organoleptic test. The results of this study obtained leather upper suede leathers have met the standards.
UTILIZATION OF LIQUID WASTE SEDIMENT LEATHER INDUSTRI FOR CHILLI PLANTS FERTILIZER
The purpose of this study was to utilize solid waste from wastewater treatment sludge for red chili fertilizer by finding the proportion/ratio of solid waste components with soil to obtain the most optimal composition. The materials used are solid waste sediment leather tannery, soil, chili seedlings, pesticides, and water. The tools used are plant pots (pots made of clay with a diameter of ± 25 cm and a height of ± 20 cm). The method used was planting red chili seeds on 6 types of planting media, namely control pots, 1,2,3,4,5 pot which were sequentially controlled (without solid waste), and the ratio of solid waste: soil with a ratio of 1:2, 1: 3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6. The results of the data obtained were analyzed using a T test and completely random design. furthermore, duncan test was conducted to determine the best dose (ratio) for chili plants if previously (in the unidirectional variance test) there was a ratio effect. The results obtained were pots 1, 2, 4 had a higher plant height than the control. Pots 1,2,3,4 had more leaves than the control. The conclusion that can be obtained is that the solid waste sediment on chili planting media affects height increase, number of chili leaves, and quantitatively not all of them have a significant effect. Giving solid waste sediments with a ratio of 1: 3 showed the fastest increase in height and number of leaves.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM WOUNDS OF DAIRY CATTLE IN VITRO
The skin is the largest organ of the body that can be infection. One of the causes of infections is microorganisms. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin of dairy cattle can affect the quality of leather. This research was conducted to isolate and identify S. aureus from the skin of injured dairy cattle. The sample was taken from a dairy farm in Surabaya. Isolation of S. aureus was carried out using NA and MSA selective media, while characterization was carried out using gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase test. The research results showed that samples isolated from wounds on the skin of dairy contained S. aureus. Gram staining test showed gram positive bacteria with coccus morphology and clustered arrangement. The catalase test was positive with the formation of H2O and O2. Catalase test was indicated by the formation of coagulation or clots in the blood plasma. These results indicated that the skin with contains S. aureus bacteria which can cause infection so that it can affect the quality of the skin to be tanned.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF MOLD TEMPERATURE AND MELT TEMPERATURE ON FILL TIME AND QUALITY PREDICTION OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS IN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS USING AUTODESK MOLDFLOW ADVISOR SOFTWARE
This study aims to determine the effect of mold temperature and melt temperature on fill time and quality prediction of tablespoon products. This product is made of plastic with Polystyrene (PS) product material and is produced by the injection molding method. This research was conducted using Autodesk Moldflow Advisor software. From the results of this study, it is known that the best parameter setting among the twelve data obtained is at a mold temperature of 55°C and melt temperature of 220°C with a fill time of 0.2169 s and a high quality prediction of 13.80%, a medium value of 86, 20%, and a low value of 0.00%, because the quality of the resulting product is better and the production time is smaller. So that it can make the production process more effective and efficient
IDENTIFICATION OF TIRE RUBBER FEASIBILITY WITH CNN RESNET-50 MODEL
In this study, the authors designed an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network that is capable of automatically classifying tire rubber eligibility according to the appearance of the tire on the tire image. The proposed algorithm will be built through several stages as follows. In the first stage, tire image acquisition will be carried out which will be the input of the designed algorithm. Furthermore, the acquired image will be divided into two sets, namely training and testing sets. The training set contains tire images that will be used at the training stage of several convolutional neural network architectures to be able to and classify them to the appropriate level of feasibility. The training phase will be carried out in a number of epohs, and at each epoh, the cross entropy loss function value will be calculated which expresses the performance of the convolutional neural network architecture in classifying tire images. In this study, the author has designed an algorithm based on deep learning that is capable of automatically classifying tire eligibility. The proposed algorithm has been built through several stages such as tire image acquisition, training of several CNN models, especially ResNet-50. The CNN architecture test is trained to classify tire images from the test set. In addition, the accuracy value has also been calculated which shows the percentage of the number of tire images that are successfully classified correctly to the total number of tire images in the test set, which is an accuracy of 88.31%.
THE USE OF A CROCKMETER MACHINE FOR RUBBING TEST ON PARCHMENT SKIN
One of the small industries that survives and needs to be developed is the shadow puppet industry. The shadow puppet industry uses parchment skin as the main raw material. As a laboratory institution, the author tested the quality of parchment skin dye paint for shadow puppet using a crockmeter machine. The test is carried out by adding an auxiliary material in the form of ethylene glycol to the dye paint which is expected to improve the quality of the rubbing resistance of the dye paint on the shadow puppets. In this test the author uses parchment skin from sun-dried buffalo skin with a transparent color and an even thickness of the skin and a large cross-sectional area so that no part is wasted. Furthermore, the parchment skin surface was sanded before staining. This sanding aims to level the parchment skin surface and remove the remaining collagen, protein and fat. The test was carried out using 3 samples. Sample I used coloring materials (mowilex paint, foxputih glue, water and finishing using mowilex clear). Sample II uses coloring materials (mowilex paint, white fox glue, water, Ethylen Glycol and finishing using mowilex clear). Sample III uses dyes (mowilex paint, white fox glue, water, Ethylen Glycol, finishing using mowilex clear and the addition of a clearing process using a sunlight wetting agent. From the experiments and tests carried out, better results were obtained for the use of Ethylen Glycol in the coloring and also the clearing process to improve the color quality of the wayang kulit products produced.
THE EFFECT OF USING SURFACTAN TO REMOVE FATTY SPEW STAINS ON GOLF GLOVE LEATHER
Fatty spew is a stain found in leather that has been tanned with chrome. The appearance of fatty spew is caused by the content of free fatty acids which is too high. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of using surfactant as a washing agent in removing fatty spew stains on golf glove leather. The raw materials used were 2 sheets of chrome tanned crust measuring 11 sqft with a weight of 206 g and a shaving thickness of 0.4-0.5 mm. The process carried out is by washing using a washing agent in the form of a surfactant as much as 0.6% of the weight of the skin. Washing was carried out for 30 minutes using a process drum. The results of the washing showed that fatty spew stains on the crust skin obtained maximum results after washing there was a slight change in the surface of the skin that felt a little rough, so additional polishing treatment was needed. The conclusion obtained is that the use of surfactants obtains maximum results in removing fatty spew stains on the crust skin.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC LEATHER PRODUCT INDUSTRIAL WASTE DETECTION SYSTEM
Rapid globalization has led to the growth of a significant amount of waste, including in the industry. Due to the considerable amount of growth of waste every year, effective and efficient waste management is needed to protect our environment. In the leather product industry, waste management is strongly important since it may have a significant impact to the employee and production process. Regarding those issues, waste management technology is considered proposed in order to solve those problems. Current research reported the outstanding work of implementing artificial intelligence for detecting and recognizing industrial waste. Artificial intelligence was proven to be a highly recommended approach that is able to classify several waste types with outstanding performance. Regardless of those facts, artificial intelligence still remains several hurdles, such as the high computational demands, especially for deep learning networks. Regarding the mentioned issue, we proposed a more proper deep learning network for recognizing industrial waste. In this research work, we use Single Shot Detector (SSD) to recognize and classify industrial waste. Our proposed solution was performed in the TrashNet dataset and Waste Picture dataset. Our proposed solution successfully achieve mAP of 0.8813, accuracy of 0,9795, precision of 0,9985 and recall of 0,9693 in the training process. Whereas, in the testing process we achieve average accuracy of 0,8254. According to those results, we can conclude that our proposed solution is suitable for industrial waste detection and has potential to be implemented as an embedded system for recognizing industrial waste automatically.
EXPLORATION OF LANTUNG WOOD LEATHER WITH DESIGN THINKING METHOD FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OF LANTUNG BENGKULU MSMEs
Indonesia is one of the countries that have contributed to the apparel, leather, and textile industry in the international market. Not only that, but Indonesian MSME handicrafts are also one of the commodities that can increase the country's foreign exchange, one of which is the lantung bark craft from Bengkulu. However, the creative industry is constantly facing competition with the entry of cheap products from China that get easy access with the increasing e-commerce technology. Providing value for the Lantung Bengkulu MSME products to compete locally and globally, one of the steps is to apply the Design Thinking Method and take the distinctive character of the stylized Serawai Tribe Weaving in the exploration process. The results of this study have obtained data that 47 Bengkulu women consumers as much as 89.4% like the results of the re-design and exploration of lantung shoes that have been designed. In determining the selling price of MSME Lantung Bengkulu should also set a price range of Rp. 110.000 to Rp. 500.000 because it corresponds to the purchasing power of female consumers in Bengkulu. The results of this study directly contribute to providing product value to the typical Bengkulu Lantung MSMEs. The Design Thinking method has been successfully increasing the value of the Lantung Bengkulu MSME products, this method can be applied to similar research to develop local MSMEs in Indonesia.
OPTIMIZATION OF CYCLE TIME AND REDUCTION OF TAILED ON TOP DEFECTS IN BOTTLE CAPS USING TAGUCHI METHOD
The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal cycle time and reduced defects of tailed on top in bottle cap products. Defects of tailed on top are defects in the form of residual plastic material that hardens at the top of the bottle cap where the material enters when injected. The method used in this final project was to conduct an experimental design using orthogonal array by varying the influential parameters and ANOVA calculation. Furthermore, this paper also calculated the Taguchi method by using Minitab 18 software. The result show that the optimal condition is combination parameters cooling time of 8 seconds, injection time of 2.10 seconds and hot runner nozzle temperature of 230oC produces a cycle time value of 17,11 seconds and percentage defects 1,56%.
HE USE OF CROSS LINKER IN UPHOLSTERY LEATHER FINISHING COATING
Leather upholstery must have good rub resistance, adhesion, and flexing resistance to be able for a long time. This study aims to determine the correct amount of cross linker use to obtain the good rub resistance, adhesion, and flexing resistance upholstery of the leather upholstery finishing coat. Crust leather, adhesive solvent, diluent solvent, penetrator, medium light polyurethane, light polyurethane, aliphatic polyurethane, cross linker, spray gun, flex meter, rubbing fastness tester, and grey scale are used as material. Upholstery leather finishing consist of base, medium and top coat. The method is addition of 2, 3, and 4% cross linker from the total of top coat composition. The result of wet rubbing resistance test are very faded (value=1) when using 2% cross linker, medium faded (value=3) when using 3% cross linker, very no faded (value=5) when using 4% cross linker. The dry rubbing resistance of each treatment showed no difference. Adhesion value (≤12.0 N) and flexing resistance (no crack) for all treatment met the requirement. It can be concluded that the use of a cross linker of 4% in the top coat finishing produces the best test value.
THE EFFECT OF PIGMENT ADDITION ON TRASH BAG MADE FROM RECYCLE HDPE
Trash bag is a product of plastic film in the form of bubbles which is produced using extrusion blown film and coextrusion blown film machines. Trash bags have a variety of colors and sizes. The color of the trash bag comes from pigment additives. The addition of pigments to trash bags is not only to increase their aesthetic value, but can also have an impact on the mechanical properties and water resistance of finished goods. Therefore, experiments were carried out to make trash bags with variations in the addition of pigments (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%), HDPE recycle (60%), LLDPE recycle (40%), desiccant (5%). The experiment was conducted at PT Sang Plastik Indonesia. The purpose of the experiment was to find out the process of making trash bags, the exact formulation, and the mechanical properties and resistance to water. The process of making trash bags uses an extrusion blown film machine at a temperature of 190-195°C. The process of testing the mechanical properties consisting of tensile strength and tear strength was carried out six times for each trash bag sample using a universal testing machine, while the water resistance test was carried out by soaking each sample for 24 hours. The results of the trash bag tensile strength test with the addition of 0% pigment was 6.8 MPa, 5% pigment was 6.7 MPa, 10% pigment was 6.2 MPa, and 15% pigment was 6.1 MPa. The results of the tear strength test of the trash bag with the addition of 0% pigment was 1.8 N, 5% pigment was 1.7 N, 10% pigment was 1.6 N, and 15% pigment was 1.3 N. The results of the trash bag water resistance test with the addition of 0% pigment was 98.10%, 5% pigment is 99.13%, 10% pigment is 98.39%, and 15% pigment is 99.66%.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN THE FOOTWEAR SUB-INDUSTRY LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Financial reports are needed as accountability for the financial management carried out by the company, which provides various information that is useful for evaluating company performance. The study aims to identify and analyze financial ratios in the footwear sub-industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange to obtain an overview of the company's financial performance. The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of company financial reports. Purposive sampling is used in this study, namely using the footwear industry sub-sector consisting of two companies, namely PT Sepatu Bata, Tbk and PT Primarindo Asia Infrastructure, Tbk. The data analysis method used is a comparative descriptive method, namely by describing and comparing certain characteristics or variables to obtain an overview and understanding of the problems studied. By using financial ratio analysis in the form of liquidity ratios and solvency ratios, it is found that both companies have liquidity ratios that tend to decrease as indicated by the calculation of the current ratio and acid test (or quick) ratio whose values ​​tend to decrease during the observation period, indicating that the company's ability tends to decrease to settle its short-term obligations. The solvency ratios used are the debt-to-equity ratio and the debt-to-total-assets ratio which show calculation results that tend to increase during the observation period, indicating that the company's financing carried out by creditors tends to increase in amount.
KAWUNG BATIK'S DESIGN IN LEATHER CLOTHING STREETWEAR STYLE AS A CULTURAL PRESERVATION EFFORT
The era of globalization has caused foreign products/cultures to enter Indonesia, this has made local batik and leather crafts ready to compete and develop. This research aims to preserve kawung batik culture and leather crafts so that they are competitive in local and international markets. The Research and Development (R&D) method is considered the most appropriate because it consists of research, planning, and product development stages. The results of the research stage selected kawung beton batik because it has the best philosophy and aesthetics. Kawung beton has a philosophy and awareness that good deeds should not be displayed/flexed because they can cause body dysmorphia/anxiety in society. The analysis results at the planning and product development stage showed that wearable and streetwear-style clothing products are by the character of Gen Z consumers who are brave, assertive, rebellious, indifferent, and prioritize comfort. This recommended design for a combination of leather and batik materials is liked by Gen Z consumers so that efforts to preserve culture and leather MSMEs can further develop and compete in the market.
UPGRADING REJECTED CRUST LEATHER INTO A BATTING GLOVE ARTICLE WITH A DIGITAL MATRIX EMBOSS MOTIF
The aim of the research is to upgrade goat crust leather which was declared rejected to be made into batting glove articles with digital matrix embossed motifs, so as to increase the quality and selling value of the leather. Rejected leather is leather that does not meet the specifications of the intended article, for example defects, thickness and area. The digital matrix motif has a 3D pattern, so apart from adding aesthetic value, the digital matrix application on batting gloves also increases user comfort. The raw materials used were 4 pieces of crust reject leather which had wrinkles, ticks, fleas and coarse grain defects. Repairs were carried out using 2 methods, namely 3 skins using method A (re-process retanning, finishing, re-fatliquoring) and 1 skin using method B (finishing, re-fatliquoring). Testing is carried out physically. The results of physical testing showed that skin using method B was better in the elongation test (52.3%>49.5%) and softness (6.1mm>5.4mm). The results of the skin color fastness test using method A have better scores, namely 4/5 for dry paint rubbing resistance (staining and change in color) and 3/4 (staining and change in color) for wet paint rubbing resistance.
THE EFFECT OF PARAMETER AND MATERIAL SETTING VARIATIONS ON PRODUCT QUALITY ON INJECTION MOULDING MACHINES
Injection Molding is one of the production processes that is widely used to produce various plastic products. As with other fabrication methods, plastic products produced through the Injection Molding process have the potential to have product defects (defects). This research was carried out to improve the quality of the products produced. The research was conducted in four experiments using HDPE Recycle, HDPE Original, PP and ABS plastic materials with different parameter settings. The parameter settings used include temperature, Injection Speed, Injection Pressure, Holding Speed, Holding Pressure, Rotation Speed, Back Pressure, Plastification Speed, Plastification Pressure, Plastification Potition. In the first experiment using HDPE Recycle material, data was obtained in the form of product defects in Short Shot, Flow Mark, Sink Mark, Warpage. In the second experiment, using Original HDPE material which has better quality than HDPE Recycle because its purity is still maintained, data in the form of defects in Warpage products was obtained. In the third experiment using PP material, Flow Mark and Warpage defects were found in the resulting product. In the fourth experiment using ABS material, defects in Short Shot and Flow Mark were found. From this study, it is known that each material has different properties and qualities so that the setting of injection machine parameters must be adjusted to the material used. From the parameters used in each of these experiments, product defects that arise are also known so that the right solution can be found to overcome the product defect.
THE EFFECT OF PATTERN CONFORMITY ON THE USE OF SHOELAST WITH DIFFERENT HEIGHTS
Pattern is an important component in the shoe making process. The suitability of the pattern in making shoes will affect the comfort of wearing when the shoes are used. This is because the pattern is made from a shoe last, so the pattern takes the size details from the shoe last used. However, in practice, patterns are sometimes used to make shoes of different sizes. Based on this problem, it is necessary to conduct research regarding the application of pattern conformity to the use of shoe last that have different heights. The method used in this research is an experimental method. The results of this research are that patterns that do not match will be difficult to use in shoe last that have differences in heel height. So that the use of a pattern that matches the shoe last when making shoes must match the shoe last used in making the pattern.