Reduction of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Tapioca Industrial Wastewater Using the Fine-Bubble Aerator Method

Abstract

Indonesia,  the world's largest cassava producer, has substantial potential in the tapioca industry, with major production centers in Lampung, South Sumatra, and Central Java. However, the industry also generates acidic wastewater with high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), posing environmental risks. This study evaluates the effectiveness of fine-bubble aeration in reducing TDS and stabilizing pH in tapioca industrial wastewater. Aeration was carried out  at airflow rates of 2 and 5 L/min for  up to 60 minutes. Results showed a significant TDS reduction from ~1650 mg/L to 1000–1100 mg/L and a pH increase from 1.8 to 6.0–6.4. The 5 L/min rate achieved faster improvements. The findings  suggest that fine-bubble aeration enhanced  flocculation, oxidation of organic compounds , and the release of dissolved gases, providing  an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly approach for tapioca wastewater treatment.